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papua new guinea
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107 total results foundAuthor: Greenpeace Title: The Untouchables: Rimbunan Hijau's World of Forest Crime and Political Patronage Summary: Rimbunan Hijau (RH) dominates the logging industry in Papua New Guinea and has interests in Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Malaysia, Vanuatu, Indonesia, New Zealand and Russia, making it one of the world's largest forest destroyers. Many of these operations are characterised by documented illegalities and environmental destruction. The company seems impervious to criticism and appears to be protected by an extensive and well-established network of political patronage and media control. Details: Amsterdam: Greenpeace, 2004. 19p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 21, 2010 at: http://www.wrm.org.uy/countries/Malaysia/RHreport.pdf Year: 2004 Country: Papua New Guinea Keywords: Illegal Logging Shelf Number: 119840 |
Author: Evans, Daniel Title: The Hybrid Courts of Melanesia: A Comparative Analysis of Village Courts of Papua New Guinea, Island Courts of Vanuatu and Local Courts of Solomon Islands Summary: This paper examines three systems of courts of justice, each in a different country in the region of South Pacific islands known as Melanesia, where state legal systems have been adopted from former European colonial governments. The systems discussed are, by comparison, “hybrid”, each of them having been established with the intention of addressing disputes among smallscale social groups by less formal means or by taking greater heed of customary forms of dispute resolution. The paper applies a comparative analysis of these systems, covering their distinct history and the variances in structure, funding, personnel and jurisdictional coverage that impact on their effectiveness as state-sanctioned courts. Conclusions are offered with observations about the strengths and weaknesses of these hybrid systems and their potential for development as instruments of community-owned justice in Melanesia. Details: Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2010. 42p. Source: Internet Resource: Justice & Development Working Paper Series 13/2011: Accessed August 9, 2011 at: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTJUSFORPOOR/Resources/HybridCourts.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Papua New Guinea Keywords: Courts (Melanesia) Shelf Number: 122334 |
Author: Title: Indonesia: Dynamics of Violence in Papua Summary: A spate of violence in Papua in May and June 2012 exposed the lack of a coherent government strategy to address this multidimensional conflict. Shootings of non-Papuans in the provincial capital Jayapura in June, likely involving pro-independence militants, were followed by the death of one of those militants at police hands, highlighting the political dimension of the problem. In Wamena, a rampage by soldiers after the death of a comrade shows the depth of distrust between local communities and the army, and the absence of mechanisms to deal with crises. The shooting of five Papuans by newly arrived members of a paramilitary police unit (Brigade Mobile, Brimob) in a remote gold-mining area of Paniai highlights the violence linked to Papua’s vast resource wealth and rent-seeking by the security apparatus with little oversight from Jakarta. While these events are still under investigation, they signal that unless the Yudhoyono government can address these very different aspects of the conflict, things may get worse. An overhaul of security policy would help. Details: Brussels: International Crisis Group, 2012. 41p. Source: Internet Resource: Asia Report N°232: Accessed August 11, 2012 at: Year: 2012 Country: Papua New Guinea Keywords: Natural Resources Shelf Number: 125978 |
Author: Environmental Investigation Agency Title: Clear-Cut Exploitation: How International Investors & REDD+ Donors Profit from Deforestation in West Papua Summary: • Indigenous landowners in Sorong, West Papua province, are being exploited by the Kayu Lapis Indonesia Group (KLI) for plantations development – at great cost to them and their forests. • Documents obtained by EIA/Telapak reveal “land rental” agreements provide Moi landowners with as little as US$ 0.65 per hectare – land projected to be worth US$ 5,000 per hectare once developed. • Timber payments are equally bad: KLI has paid landowners as little as US $2.8 per cubic metre of merbau – wood KLI sells for US$ 875 on export. • Legal norms in permit allocation and timber harvesting have been routinely flouted, with little to no law enforcement by either the national or provincial government. • International investors – including Norway’s Government Pension Fund Global (GPFG) – are profiting from the situation. This highlights a failure to incorporate commodity and investment market reforms into the REDD+ agenda, resulting in the perverse financial incentives of those markets continuing to undermine efforts to reduce deforestation and deliver sustainable development for Indonesia's indigenous peoples. Details: London: EIA, 2012. 9p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 28, 2013 at: http://www.eia-international.org/wp-content/uploads/EIA-Clear-Cut-Exploitation-FINAL-v2.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Papua New Guinea Keywords: Deforestation (West Papua) Shelf Number: 128155 |
Author: Lakhani, Sadaf Title: Papua New Guinea - Drivers of crime and violence in Papua New Guinea Summary: Reports in both the national and international media and anecdotal evidence indicate that the prevalence of crime and violence is high in PNG, and presents an important obstacle to long-term development. A growing body of literature and data on the issue identify a diverse range of forms of crime and violence; from violence in the household to violent conflict between clans, and various forms of interpersonal violence. This violence has been linked to various factors, ranging from historical and cultural factors, to, more recently, economic drivers. Conflict and violence have historically been an integral part of social life in PNG. Observers of PNG have noted an important distinction between ‘socially generative’ social contest, and forms of conflict that are corrosive and destructive for society (Dinnen, Porter and Sage 2011). Managed conflict has been identified as central to the maintenance of social cohesion and social capital within and between communities in Papua New Guinea. However, while traditional systems of managing disputes have been effective in maintaining social order historically, recent changes in societies in PNG have created disputes that are less amenable to management by traditional means and are linked to at least some of the current violence witnessed. Formal justice systems have to date been ineffective in stepping in to fill this gap. In this context, violence in PNG can be understood, at least partly, as a result of the inability of both traditional and formal institutions to manage the stresses that have come with rapid social and economic changes. It is hoped that a greater understanding of these stresses can inform more effective means of addressing the problem of crime and violence. This briefing note presents an analysis of the drivers of violence and crime in PNG. An extensive data and literature review was undertaken by a World Bank team, following a scoping mission to PNG in December 2011. A follow-up mission to Port Moresby in October 2012 which included individual consultations with stakeholders as well as an experts meeting on Conflict and Fragility helped test and refine the analysis. The brief begins with a description of the role of conflict in PNG society, and of traditional mechanisms for managing conflict. Next, it discusses key stresses that increase the risk of violence in PNG. The fourth section examines how these stresses affect the capacity of institutions in PNG to manage the conflicts that come with rapid social and economic changes. The brief concludes with a summary of gaps in the current understanding of the stresses and drivers of violence in PNG. Details: Washington, DC: World Bank Social Cohesion and Violence Prevention Team, Social Development Department, 2012. 21p. Source: Internet Resource: Briefing Note No. 2: Accessed June 22, 2013 at: http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2013/02/05/000425962_20130205135627/Rendered/PDF/750580NWP0Driv0Box374299B00PUBLIC00.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Papua New Guinea Keywords: Violence (Papua New Guinea) Shelf Number: 129137 |
Author: ChildFund Australia Title: Stop Violence: Against Women and Children in Papua New Guinea Summary: For years, Margaret endured her husband hitting her with knives, stones, metal and bottles. He said he would find boys to pack-rape her and she lived in fear of his chilling death threats: "You see this stone? It is nice and hard and round. If I put it on your head you are dead. When we are at home I will really kill you." When Margaret speaks of the violence she has lived through, the real pain surfaces when she explains how her husband hurt their little boy. Sammy experienced so much violence in his first months of life that when he hears a sudden noise, he cries and needs Margaret to hug him. When Sammy was just one month old, Margaret's husband tried to punch her in the face and missed, knocking the baby unconscious. Sammy's pupils constricted and Margaret watched on, terrified, as her husband shook the baby to revive him. He then threatened to kill Margaret with the iron bar in his hand as he demanded, "Come and get the child." Hopefully Sammy won't remember his father trying to hit Margaret while she was breastfeeding him, or his father picking him up and using his little body as a weapon to hit her. Margaret's story is extreme, which, sadly, makes it representative. In Papua New Guinea, women are raped, killed and maimed on a shocking scale. The brutality is severe, often involving bush knives, axes, burning and even biting. In the following pages, you will hear from a woman whose bottom lip was bitten off in a random attack, and another who was relentlessly belted and raped by her husband over three consecutive days. Two grieving women tell how their sister died after her husband smashed her head against a car, leaving her young children motherless. Young women who grew up without mothers to defend them speak of the brutal beatings they have experienced at the hands of relatives. ChildFund understands that violence against women inevitably hurts children, too. That is why, with the benefit of almost 20 years' experience working in Papua New Guinea, we have developed an innovative new program focused on family violence, which we will roll out in Central Province, east of Port Moresby. In this report, we share what we have learnt through field research that was conducted to inform this new support and education program. Details: Surry Hills NSW: ChildFund Australia, 2013. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 22, 2014 at: http://www.childfund.org.au/sites/default/files/publications/Stop%20Violence%20Against%20Women%20and%20Children%20in%20PNG%202013.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Papua New Guinea Keywords: Domestic Violence Shelf Number: 132132 |
Author: Williams, Carolin Title: How to calculate the cost to business of gender-based violence in Papua New Guinea: Review of existing approaches and methodologies Summary: Gender-based violence (GBV) has been described as the most common human rights violation that both reflects and reinforces inequalities between women and men. Until recently there has been little systematic attention to the economic costs of GBV. Costing studies have largely been limited to developed economies, where the availability of data across different cost categories is generally more robust. In developing countries, estimating the economic costs of GBV, particularly to business, is a new research area gaining rapid attention. There is wide recognition of GBV in PNG as not only a humanitarian issue but also a core business issue affecting staff and labour productivity. Being able to calculate the cost of GBV to business, thus highlighting the potential savings from investing either in response mechanisms or in its prevention, is an important first step in building the business case for intervention. This brief overview of existing approaches and methodologies to estimate the cost of GBV is intended to inform the development of a costing framework of GBV to business in PNG. Based on this kind of an initial costing exercise, either an operational framework for companies in PNG could be designed though which companies themselves could calculate the costs of GBV to their business. This framework could also be implemented across companies to develop an aggregate estimate of the likely cost of GBV to business, potentially by sector and/or location. In addition, it may be possible to design a simple tool, based on a representative costing exercise, through which companies could then quickly calculate the likely cost to their business of GBV according to the number of employees. Details: London: Overseas Development Institute, 2014. 20p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 28, 2014 at: http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/9062.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Papua New Guinea Keywords: Costs of Criminal Justice Shelf Number: 133154 |
Author: Blank, Lorraine Title: Rapid Youth Assessment in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea Summary: Crime and violence in Port Moresby and the National Capital District (NCD) are widespread and costly. In 2004, 68 percent of households reported that they had been victims of crime at least once in the past year and 51 percent had been victims of multiple crimes. Violence against women is pervasive, with domestic violence and rape, including gang rape, routine. By 2005, there had been small decreases in reported victimization; however, 61 percent of households still reported being victims of at least one crime and 46 percent reported being victims of multiple crimes. At the same time, costs associated with security and theft amounted to an estimated 12-15 percent of business turnover and law and order problems serve as a deterrent to investment. Young people account for the greatest share of crime and violence, so tackling the problem means addressing the underlying causes of youth crime and violence. This report provides a rapid assessment of youth and youth serving institutions in Port Moresby. The report relies on extensive consultations held in Port Moresby from July 7 - 23, 2008. Meetings were held with over 100 young people, their parents, community leaders, government officials, researchers, youth workers, leaders of youth groups and youth serving agencies, and representatives of the international non-governmental and donor agencies. Community meetings were held in three Port Moresby settlements (Savaka, Vadavada and Morata). Youth in a residential program for street boys were also consulted. The objective of this rapid assessment is to inform the design of an Urban Youth Empowerment Project by providing information on youth and youth serving initiatives. Section II examines the extent and root causes of youth unemployment and crime. High risk groups and monitoring indicators are identified. Good practices and lessons learned are presented in Section III. Section IV reports the mapping of community and civil society organizations - their programs and constraints and areas for potential partnership. Section V reviews the National Youth Commission Annual Work Plan (2008/2009) and youth programs implemented in Papua New Guinea (PNG) in the last five years and ends with a review of relevant service delivery mechanisms and gap analysis" and rationale / outline of potential entry points for the Bank in certain sectors. Details: Washington, DC: World Bank, 2008. 93p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 4, 2014 at: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPAPUANEWGUINEA/Resources/PNG_UYEP_PNG_Rapid_Youth_Assessment.pdf Year: 2008 Country: Papua New Guinea Keywords: Juvenile Delinquency Shelf Number: 133176 |
Author: Chandler, Jo Title: Violence Against Women in PNG: How men are getting away with murder Summary: The women of Papua New Guinea (PNG) endure some of the most extreme levels of violence in the world. They continue to be attacked with impunity despite their government's promises of justice. The situation has been described as a humanitarian disaster yet still does not receive the broader public attention it deserves, inside or outside PNG. It is also a significant obstacle to PNG's development and prosperity. This is an issue that should, and does, receive the attention of the Australian Government. PNG's largest aid donor, and nearest neighbour, has invested heavily in law and justice in PNG. Australia also explicitly targets gender rights and equity across its aid program. But only so much can be achieved in PNG by outsiders. Change will need to come from within. Australia can support this by pressing the PNG Government to assign a higher priority to addressing violence and by assisting local civil society efforts that aid the victims of violence and address some of its root causes. Details: Sydney: Lowy Institute for International Policy, 2014. 25p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 9, 2014 at: http://www.lowyinstitute.org/files/violence_against_women_in_png.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Papua New Guinea Keywords: Domestic Violence Shelf Number: 133194 |
Author: United Nations Human Settlements Programme Title: Diagnosis of Insecurity Report in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea Summary: In 2002, the Government of Papua New Guinea with the support of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and technical assistance from the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) launched the Safer Port Moresby Initiative with the express aim of addressing the underlying causes of crime that have accompanied the unprecedented urban growth of Port Moresby. The Safer Port Moresby Initiative (SPMI) is a citywide crime prevention initiative that is built on partnerships with public, private and popular (sector) institutions that can contribute towards crime reduction in the city. The initiative is presently being run from the offices of the Department for Community Development, formally known as the Department of Social Welfare and Development and works closely with the City Government (National Capital District Commission - NCDC). Details: Nairobi, Kenya: UN-HABITAT, 2004. 57p. Source: Internet Resource: Safer Cities Programme Series 4: Accessed September 12, 2014 at: http://unhabitat.org/publications/diagnosis-of-insecurity-report-in-port-moresby-papua-new-guinea/ Year: 2004 Country: Papua New Guinea Keywords: Collaboration Shelf Number: 133301 |
Author: Lakhani, Sadaf Title: Gates, hired guns and mistrust : business unusual - the cost of crime and violence to businesses in Papua New Guinea Summary: High levels of crime and violence are widely viewed as a critical constraint to development in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The most casual discussion on the topic inevitably elicits stories of personal experiences of victimization, or those of friends or family. Reports of violent incidents appear in the media on a daily basis. Despite 10 years of strong economic growth, with an increase in GDP of over 8 percent in 2011, there is a perception is that crime and violence have an impact on the business climate in the country, and that the costs to development are significant. This paper is the fourth in a series produced by the World Bank as part of the study "Socioeconomic Costs of Crime and Violence in PNG". The aim of the study has been to conduct targeted data collection and mine existing information sources, creating new analyses, in order to feed an informed dialogue among key stakeholders in PNG, and to help the business community in their ongoing discussions. As such, the study provides an overview of costs according to key themes along with presenting relevant empirical evidence, rather than a detailed accounting. Details: Washington, DC: World Bank Group, 2014. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Paper No. 4: Accessed December 8, 2014 at: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/05/20030015/gates-hired-guns-mistrust-business-unusual-cost-crime-violence-businesses-papua-new-guinea Year: 2014 Country: Papua New Guinea Keywords: Costs of Crime Shelf Number: 134268 |
Author: Lakhani, Sadaf Title: Trends in crime and violence in Papua New Guinea Summary: Crime and violence are widely viewed as posing a considerable challenge to development in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The full scale of crime and violence in PNG is difficult to assess, given the scarcity of national-level studies and a distinct urban bias in the available studies. Yet various commentators and surveys estimate that violence victimization rates in PNG are among the highest in the world. This briefing note presents some preliminary findings regarding the prevalence of crime and violence in PNG. It was prepared as part of a broader study to understand the socioeconomic costs of crime and violence to businesses, government agencies, Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and households in PNG. The different data sources reviewed and the most significant challenges with the data available are noted in Annex 1. The challenges in partial data and questions concerning the methodology used for collecting and collating some of the data sets and data integrity call for some caution in interpreting the findings, in particular making generalizations about the wide diversity of provincial experiences on the basis of geographically limited data sets. Details: Washington, DC: World Bank Group, 2014. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Paper No. 1: Accessed December 8, 2014 at: http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2014/08/12/000470435_20140812131800/Rendered/PDF/750570REPLACEM010PNG0Trends06004014.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Papua New Guinea Keywords: Costs of Crime Shelf Number: 134269 |
Author: Akmeemana, Sakuntala Title: Crimes and disputes : missed opportunities and insights from a national data collection effort in Papua New Guinea Summary: As in many developing countries, data collection has proved to be a considerable challenge in Papua New Guinea (PNG). A welcome effort at data collection on dispute incidence and personal security was made in PNG's household income and expenditure survey (HIES or the Survey), (2009-2010) an experience that also highlights some of the challenges of such an exercise. For the first time, the HIES asked questions about dispute incidence and personal security. The survey was administered in all provinces of PNG to a nationally and regionally representative sample of over 4,000 households, and provides comprehensive data about the socio-economic status of households. The results are representative at the level of the country's four regions (Southern, Highlands, Momase, and Islands) plus the metropolitan area (which comprises the major urban areas of National Capital District and Lae), as well as for a rural or urban breakdown within each region. This briefing note highlights some of the main findings on dispute and personal security, noting which results need to be treated with caution. It also distils a number of lessons from this data collection effort. Details: Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2014. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Research and Dialogue Series, Note No. 3: Accessed December 8, 2014 at: http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2014/06/10/000442464_20140610155514/Rendered/PDF/885990NWP0P1290Crimes0and0Disputes.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Papua New Guinea Keywords: Crime Statistics (Papua New Guinea) Shelf Number: 134270 |
Author: Lakhani, Sadaf Title: The socio-economic costs of crime and violence in Papua New Guinea : recommendations for policy and programs Summary: At the request of the Prime Minister's office, between 2011‐2013, the World Bank conducted a study to understand the social and economic costs of crime and violence in Papua New Guinea. The purpose of the study was to feed a national conversation about crime and violence and inform policy directions and program interventions. The work has benefitted from extensive input from international partners and local stakeholders through a consultative and participatory methodology. The findings of the study are summarized separately in this Research and Dialogue Series on the Socioeconomic Costs of Crime and Violence in PNG. This brief outlines the policy and programming recommendations that emerge from the research. II. Key Findings of the Study Levels of crime and violence in PNG have remained high, although with annual fluctuations, and differences across regions. According to analysis of RPNGC data conducted for this study, the homicide rate-considered the most reliable indicator of overall crime-was 10.4 per 100,000 habitants in 2010, which is roughly the same as it was in 2000. The rate varies widely across regions, with an estimated rate of 66 per 100,000 in Lae and 33 in NCD, amongst the highest in the world. Robbery and assault are the most commonly reported crimes. Family and sexual violence (FSV) is also highly prevalent, and affects both females and males. Details: Washington, DC: : The World Bank, 2014. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Research and Dialogue series ; no. 5: Accessed February 4, 2015 at: http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2014/06/06/000350881_20140606161204/Rendered/PDF/885450NWP0Box3050Policy0PNG06005014.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Papua New Guinea Keywords: Costs of Crime (Papua New Guinea) Shelf Number: 134535 |
Author: Lakhani, Sadaf Title: Trucks under siege : the costs of crime and insecurity to the transport industry in Papua New Guinea Summary: The Highlands Highway is a lifeline for the economy of Papua New Guinea. The transport and haulage industry is seriously affected by infrastructure and law and order constraints, but it has also found innovative ways to manage risks. This case study examines two locally owned, medium-sized haulage companies about the challenges they face. Their stories provide a fascinating look into what it takes to run a haulage firm in Papua New Guinea, and the day-to-day risks faced by managers, drivers, and other staff. The challenges include: generally poor road conditions suffering from insufficient investment, poor construction, and corrupt practices; claims for compensation from the many villages and landowner groups located along the Highlands Highway; and a buoyant black market in stolen fuel. The companies utilize a number of risk management techniques, including: constant electronic monitoring; high-tech equipment such as GPS mapping systems and truck modifications; employment of public relations or road liaison officers; high-cost insurance policies; paying the underfunded police to ensure its public service; workplace monitoring systems and procedures; investment in human resources and training; generous salaries for truck drivers; private security escorts; safe commuter transportation for local staff; specific measures to ensure safety of female staff; and reliance on international staff at senior levels. These measures incur increased business costs which are then passed onto consumers. As a result, business expansion is constrained and prospective new suppliers face barriers to market entry. Details: Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2014. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: Working Paper: Accessed March 11, 2015 at: http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2014/06/11/000350881_20140611161520/Rendered/PDF/886510WP0P12920Case0study0600401402.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Papua New Guinea Keywords: Costs of Crime Shelf Number: 134885 |
Author: Forest Trends Title: Logging, Legality, and Livelihoods in Papua New Guinea: Sythesis of Official Assessments of the Large-Scale Logging Industry Volume I Summary: Between 2000 and 2005, in response to a widely held view that forest management in Papua New Guinea was not providing long-term benefits to the country or its citizens, and to assess the implementation and effectiveness of the new governance regime introduced in the PNG Forestry Act of 1991, the Papua New Guinea government commissioned five separate reviews of the administration and practice of the logging industry. This report, Volume I in a three volume series, summarizes the key findings of the five reviews to present a clear and precise picture of the legal status, environmental sustainability and social impacts of current large-scale logging operations in PNG. We follow this synthesis of the existing studies with our own recommendations for steps that would move PNG toward legal and sustainable logging, provide satisfactory livelihood opportunities for forest dependent communities, and promote sustainable economic development for the nation as a whole. Details: Washington, DC: Forest Trends, 2006. 70p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 22, 2016 at: http://www.forest-trends.org/publication_details.php?publicationID=105 Year: 2006 Country: Papua New Guinea Keywords: Deforestations Shelf Number: 145626 |
Author: Forest Trends Title: Logging, Legality, and Livelihoods in Papua New Guinea: Sythesis of Official Assessments of the Large-Scale Logging Industry Volume II Summary: Between 2000 and 2005, the Papua New Guinea government commissioned five separate reviews of the administration and practice of the logging industry: - Review of Forest Harvesting Projects Being Developed Towards a Timber Permit of Timber Authority (2000-01); - Review of the Forest Revenue System (2001-02); - Independent Review of Disputed Timber Permits and Permit Extensions (2003); - Review of Current Logging Projects (2004-05); and - Compliance Audits (2004-05) In addition, a sixth report from an Ombudsman Commission investigation into the allocation of one concession (Kamula Doso) was published in July 2002. The five Reviews were conducted under Terms of Reference agreed between the Government of Papua New Guinea and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the 'World Bank'), by teams of experts that included lawyers, foresters, economists and environmental and social scientists. The review teams were given unique access to official records, logging sites and company documents and were able to conduct wide-ranging interviews with industry participants, landowners and government officials. The findings of the five government-initiated Reviews were presented in sixty-three individual reports that together provide a unique assessment of Papua New Guineas forest administration system and the sustainability of current and future large-scale logging operations. They provide a thorough examination of the whole timber harvesting process from initial project development through permit allocation to the actual logging operations and their long term impacts. The Reviews considered a range of different criteria for assessing the status of timber harvesting operations and analyzed their impact from the perspective of all the key stakeholders. Of the five Reviews, only some of the reports were made publicly available through the PNG Prime Minister's website. Copies of the other documents produced were circulated amongst government departments, industry and civil society organizations in PNG and subsequently distributed internationally. The Ombudsman Commission report was tabled in Parliament and can be viewed in the Parliamentary library In this Report (Volume II), we bring together all the reports from the five Reviews and the Ombudsman Commission investigation and present a complete summary of their findings. Maps and imagery in this publication were sourced from the UPNG Remote Sensing Centre via www.rsc.upng.ac.pg (and were not part of the Review Reports). Updates on any follow-up actions on the recommendations in the Review Reports have been added based on publicly available information as of January 31, 2006 (and were not part of the Review Reports). Details: Washington, DC: Forest Trends, 2006. 88p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 22, 2016 at: http://www.forest-trends.org/documents/files/doc_161.pdf Year: 2006 Country: Papua New Guinea Keywords: Deforestation Shelf Number: 146045 |
Author: Walton, Grant Title: The dark side of economic globalisation: politics, organised crime and corruption in the Pacific Summary: While organised crime comes in a variety of guises, in this paper we argue that organised crime in the Pacific can be best framed as a nexus between political elites and seemingly licit actors. We argue that three changes over the past two decades have made it increasingly likely that the relationship between politics and organised crime is likely to strengthen. The first is the systematic weakening of crime prevention and oversight institutions – which is often contributed to by powerful politicians. The second is the increasing and often unregulated transnational movement of goods (including contraband), money and people associated with deepening globalisation, including intensified levels of extractive enterprise in some countries. The shifting nature of politics and international diplomacy across the Pacific is the third key trend we identify. We argue that these factors in combination are making it more difficult for elements of the political class to resist, and be investigated for, links to organised criminals. Details: Canberra: Australian National University, Development Policy Centre, 2016. 33p. Source: Internet Resource: Development Policy Centre Discussion Paper 48: Accessed November 11, 2016 at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2848016 Year: 2016 Country: Papua New Guinea Keywords: Organized Crime Shelf Number: 141103 |
Author: Ivaschenko, Oleksiy Title: Can Public Works Programs Reduce Youth Crime? Evidence from Papua New Guinea's Urban Youth Employment Project Summary: Crime rates in Papua New Guinea's capital city of Port Moresby are among the highest in the world. Few youth work, and good jobs are scarce. In 2013, the National Capital District Commission partnered with the World Bank to implement the Urban Youth Employment Project. The project offers out-of-school and out-of-work youth two months of public works employment or, for academically qualified candidates, six months of classroom and on-the-job training. This paper presents difference-in-difference estimates of project impacts on participants' social and criminal behavior, 12 to 18 months after completion. The control group consists of observably similar youth living in areas not served by the program. Project participants became less likely to hang out with friends at night, have a best friend involved in crime, and have friends involved in fights or robberies. The program also increased subsequent employment rates, and significantly reduced aggressive behavior and gratuitous property damage. However, there is little robust evidence that the program reduced participants' engagement in or exposure to crime. The study concludes that the program had strong and healthy effects on participants' peer group and behavior, but more limited effects on the socioeconomic causes of crime. Details: Washington, DC: Social Protection and Labor Global Practice Group & Poverty and Equity Global Practice Group, 2017. 38p. Source: Internet Resource: World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 8032: Accessed May 4, 2017 at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2954860 Year: 2017 Country: Papua New Guinea Keywords: At-Risk Youth Shelf Number: 145305 |
Author: Global Witness Title: Stained Trade: How U.S. Imports of Exotic Flooring from China Risk Driving the Theft of Indigenous Land and Deforestation in Papua New Guinea Summary: Exotic wood products sold in American stores may be driving the theft of indigenous people's land and deforestation in the South Pacific nation of Papua New Guinea (PNG). They may also violate U.S. law. This report reveals how companies along wood product supply chains leading through China are failing to screen out illegal timber, the risks this creates for U.S. companies, and the devastating impacts the trade is having on people in PNG. Between 2014 and 2016, Global Witness traced a supply chain spanning some 14,000 kilometers from forests to retail shelves. The journey begins in PNG, home to the largest remaining tropical rainforest in the Asia-Pacific region, where people across the country are being illegally stripped of their land by their own government. Indigenous communities are seeing their livelihoods and environment destroyed as ancient rainforests are cut down by foreign-owned logging companies. Most rainforest logs exported from PNG are shipped to manufacturing hubs in China, with much smaller amounts going to other countries including India, Japan, South Korea, and Vietnam. Finished commercial products made in China are sold domestically or exported around the world. The U.S. is the biggest buyer of wood products from China, among them flooring made out of wood from PNG. Our investigation found that certain American and Chinese companies were selling this flooring without taking the necessary steps to ensure it was legal, despite a U.S. ban on the trade in illegal timber under the Lacey Act. Details: London: Global Witness, 2017. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 9, 2017 at: https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/stained-trade/ Year: 2017 Country: Papua New Guinea Keywords: Deforestation Shelf Number: 147170 |
Author: Davison, Laura Title: Ensuring Safe Transport With and For Women and Girls in Port Moresby Summary: Public transport is a vital service in urban spaces, especially for women and girls. The ability to access safe, affordable and reliable transport enables women to participate in economic activity, access education, health, and other important services, and positively contributes to sustainable development. The extractive industry has recently increased economic activities in Port Moresby, the capital city of Papua New Guinea (PNG). Not only have these activities widened the gap between the rich and the poor, they have led to an increase in employment in, and domestic migration to, the city. This in turn has led to greater mobility needs among Port Moresby's residents. As the choice of transport mode is related to socioeconomic status, it is disadvantaged groups that are more reliant on public transportation. In Port Moresby public motor vehicles (PMVs/buses) and taxis are the major mode of transport, with very low levels of ownership of private vehicles among city residents. Similar to other cities in middle-income and low-income countries, PMVs and taxis in Port Moresby are often in a state of disrepair. Drivers may be unskilled and show low adherence to traffic laws, while enforcement of restrictions placed on registration and maintenance is negligible. In addition to this, there is direct correlation between the high rates of unemployment among men in Papua New Guinea, and the frequent carjackings and armed robberies of both private and public vehicles. For women and girls in particular, the use of public transportation poses specific risks of sexual harassment (SH) and other forms of sexual violence (SV). This report demonstrates that despite frequent experiences of violence against women and girls (VAWG)5 while using public transport, women still heavily rely on and use both PMVs and taxis, especially women and girls in disadvantaged communities, as they are the group least likely to have access to other forms of transportation. Details: Papua New Guinea: UN Women, 2014. 42p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed march 28, 2018 at: https://unwomen.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/UNW_safe_public_transport.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Papua New Guinea Keywords: Public Transportation Shelf Number: 149601 |
Author: Mousseau, Frederic Title: The Great Timber Heist Continued: Tax Evasion and Illegal Logging in Papua New Guinea Summary: This report makes public new evidence of financial misreporting and tax evasion in the logging industry in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Following the Oakland Institute's 2016 report, which alleged that financial misreporting by foreign firms resulted in nonpayment of hundreds of millions of dollars in taxes, the new report reveals drastic worsening of this pattern in recent years. According to the financial records, the 16 studied subsidiaries of PNG's largest log exporter, the Malaysian Rimbunan Hijau (RH) Group, have doubled their financial losses in just six years while increasing their exports of tropical timber by over 40 percent. The new report also analyses the effect of the progressive tax rate on log exports introduced in 2017 by the PNG government to address concerns around tax evasion. PNG's Minister of Forests and the forest industry have argued that this new tax has brought the industry to "the brink of disaster," resulting in "vanishing" tax revenue for the country. However, the Oakland Institute's latest report clearly refutes these claims showing that the tax increase has generated additional fiscal revenue while contributing to an overall drop in exports in 2017. The increase in log exports in recent years by PNG is largely the result of illegally-granted Special Agriculture and Business Leases (SABLs), which added 5.5 million hectares of land to the ten million hectares already under active logging concession. Despite the 2014 government's promise that all illegal deals would be canceled, to date no decisive action has been taken to stop illegal logging or return land to the people. Details: Oakland, CA: The Oakland Institute, 2018. 18p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 12, 2018 at: https://www.oaklandinstitute.org/sites/oaklandinstitute.org/files/great_timber_heist_cont.pdf Year: 2018 Country: Papua New Guinea Keywords: Environmental Crimes Shelf Number: 151492 |
Author: Barclay, Alison Title: Community Healing and Rebuilding Program: Evidence-Informed Innovation for the Prevention of Family and Community Violence in Papua New Guinea Summary: Men's physical and sexual violence against women is rampant and severe across PNG, from rural communities to urban centres (although types of violence and prevalence rates vary considerably). Internationally, it has been well established that unequal gendered power relations are the root cause of violence against women. However, it has also been consistently demonstrated that violence against women is triggered and maintained by a plethora of other factors that manifest differently in different sociocultural and political contexts. This paper draws on theoretical frameworks from multiple disciplines and contexts to make sense of the factors that drive and maintain violence in PNG, and in so doing, demonstrates the need for an integrated approach to addressing family and community violence. The scoping study identified myriad factors that intersect to create an environment that fosters endemic levels of family and community violence, including violence against women and girls. An ecological framework can be utilised to analyse the web of interconnecting issues that foster violence in PNG. This well-supported framework is derived from evidence that no single factor can explain why some people or groups are at a higher risk of experiencing violence, rather, a combination of factors is involved. The framework views violence as an outcome of the interaction of many factors across four key levels: individual, relationship, community and societal, and encourages practitioners to design prevention strategies that work across these levels to address the interconnected issues that cause and maintain violence. This framework is broadly accepted as a tool for understanding violence against women and it informs the strategy of many NGOs that work across multiple levels such as primary prevention, crisis services and policy and legislative change. To date, however, this framework doesn't seem to have been widely applied to community-level primary prevention work, which most commonly focuses on redressing gender inequality, such as by increasing understanding of gender as a social construct and of violence as an abuse of power. Approaches that focus on only one risk factor will achieve limited results in remote communities that do not have access to other services and programs that address the other identified risk factors. The scoping study indicated that violence against women cannot easily be separated from other forms of violence and that violence is increasing exponentially in these communities as each generation is exposed to the trauma of living in communities marred by violence and abuse. This paper will establish that adults exposed to chronic and prolonged traumatic events as children commonly grow up feeling rage, betrayal, fear, resignation, defeat and shame; have more difficulty regulating their emotions and behaviour; are more likely to abuse alcohol and other drugs; and are more likely to perpetrate violence. This paper argues that understanding and addressing the trauma violence cycle will be critical if we are to succeed at preventing violence in PNG. A gender-based framework of analysis remains critical to understanding and addressing violence against women and girls in PNG. A gender-based framework explains the flow of violence from men to women and why rates of VAWG are so prolific in communities and societies that have high rates of gender inequality. Further, this framework provides insight into the way violence is maintained through legitimatising and excusing violence against women and silencing victims. Details: Suva, Fiji: Australian Aid, 2017. 17p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 23, 2018 at: https://pacificwomen.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Evidence-informed-innovation-for-the-prevention-of-family-and-community-violence-in-PNG.pdf Year: 2017 Country: Papua New Guinea Keywords: Community Violence Shelf Number: 153030 |